{"id":46714,"date":"2023-08-25T17:45:08","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T12:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/?p=46714"},"modified":"2023-08-25T17:45:13","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T12:00:13","slug":"16-spectroscopic-techniques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/","title":{"rendered":"16-Spectroscopic Techniques: Principle, Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1205\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spectroscopic-techniques.jpg\" alt=\"Spectroscopic techniques\" class=\"wp-image-46718\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spectroscopic-techniques.jpg 1205w, https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spectroscopic-techniques-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spectroscopic-techniques-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spectroscopic-techniques-768x402.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1205px) 100vw, 1205px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Spectroscopic techniques use light to interact with matter, probing certain aspects of a sample to learn about its consistency or structure. Light is electromagnetic radiation, a phenomenon with varying energies that can be used to examine various molecular properties. The study of how electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter as a function of the radiation&#8217;s wavelength or frequency is known as spectroscopy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The development of the most fundamental theories in physics, such as quantum mechanics, special and general theories of relativity, and quantum electrodynamics, has relied heavily on spectroscopic analysis. A spectroscopy experiment involves passing electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength range from a source through a sample containing substances of interest, resulting in absorption or emission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#principle-of-spectroscopic-techniques\" title=\"Principle of Spectroscopic techniques\">Principle of Spectroscopic techniques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#types-of-spectroscopic-techniques\" title=\"Types of Spectroscopic techniques\">Types of Spectroscopic techniques<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#nuclear-magnetic-resonance-nmr\" title=\"Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)\">Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#fluorescence-spectroscopy-fs\" title=\"Fluorescence Spectroscopy (FS)\">Fluorescence Spectroscopy (FS)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#raman-spectroscopy-rs\" title=\"Raman spectroscopy (RS)\">Raman spectroscopy (RS)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#fourier-transform-infrared-ftir-spectroscopy\" title=\"Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy\">Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-xps\" title=\"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy&nbsp;(XPS)\">X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy&nbsp;(XPS)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#auger-electron-spectroscopy\" title=\"Auger electron spectroscopy&nbsp;\">Auger electron spectroscopy&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#atomic-emission-spectroscopy\" title=\"Atomic emission spectroscopy\">Atomic emission spectroscopy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#atomic-absorption-spectrometry\" title=\"Atomic absorption spectrometry\">Atomic absorption spectrometry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#photoelectron-spectroscopy\" title=\"Photoelectron spectroscopy\">Photoelectron spectroscopy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#mass-spectroscopy\" title=\"Mass spectroscopy\">Mass spectroscopy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#infrared-spectroscopy\" title=\"Infrared spectroscopy\">Infrared spectroscopy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#the-x-ray-fluorescence-xrf\" title=\"The X-ray fluorescence (XRF)\">The X-ray fluorescence (XRF)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#uv-spectroscopy\" title=\"UV spectroscopy\">UV spectroscopy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#spin-resonance-spectroscopy\" title=\"Spin resonance spectroscopy\">Spin resonance spectroscopy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#circular-dichroism-spectroscopy\" title=\"Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy\">Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#mossbauer-spectroscopy\" title=\"M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy&nbsp;\">M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#applications-of-spectroscopic-techniques\" title=\"Applications of Spectroscopic techniques\">Applications of Spectroscopic techniques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/#references\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"principle-of-spectroscopic-techniques\"><\/span><strong>Principle of Spectroscopic techniques<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The term &#8220;spectroscopy&#8221; refers to a wide range of techniques that employ radiation to learn about the structure and properties of matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;The underlying idea behind all spectroscopic techniques is to radiate a beam of electromagnetic radiation onto a sample and see how it reacts to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spectroscopy is most commonly used to identify and explain the elements and compounds of atoms and molecules. They are determined by evaluating the radiant energy absorbed or emitted by the sample or object.&nbsp; In this case, a beam of electromagnetic radiation such as infrared rays, UV rays, and so on is passed on the sample, and the response of the sample is measured using the wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum applied from an external energy source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"types-of-spectroscopic-techniques\"><\/span><strong>Types of Spectroscopic techniques<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nuclear-magnetic-resonance-nmr\"><\/span><strong>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a physicochemical technique for determining the structural properties of molecules. It is described as the study of molecules by&nbsp;recording&nbsp;radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation interactions with the nuclei of molecules placed within a strong magnetic field. NMR Spectroscopy, which is based on the nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon, offers comprehensive information on the structure, reaction state, and chemical surroundings of molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"fluorescence-spectroscopy-fs\"><\/span><strong>Fluorescence Spectroscopy (FS)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fluorescence Spectroscopy is a set of techniques that deals with the measurement of fluorescence emitted by substances when exposed to ultraviolet, visible, or other electromagnetic radiation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-160.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46716\" style=\"width:518px;height:472px\" width=\"518\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-160.png 711w, https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-160-300x273.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"raman-spectroscopy-rs\"><\/span><strong>Raman spectroscopy (RS)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/raman-spectroscopy-instrumentation\/\">Raman spectroscopy<\/a> is a type of vibrational spectroscopy that allows for the simple interpretation and very sensitive structural identification of trace amounts of substances based on their distinctive vibrational properties. Sir C.V Raman, an Indian physicist, demonstrated Raman spectroscopy, which is based on the inelastic scattering of monochromatic light with the sample. Because of the inelastic scattering, the resultant light will have a different frequency than the incident light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This method is commonly used to investigate vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency interactions in molecules. This is quite beneficial for identifying molecular structure, identifying functional groups, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"fourier-transform-infrared-ftir-spectroscopy\"><\/span><strong>Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is the preferred method of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/infrared-spectroscopy\/\">infrared spectroscopy<\/a>. IR radiation is transmitted through a sample in infrared spectroscopy. The sample absorbs some of the infrared energy, and some of it is transferred (passed through). The resulting spectrum gives the sample a molecular fingerprint by displaying the molecule\u2019s absorption and transmission.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-xps\"><\/span><strong>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy&nbsp;(XPS)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy\u00a0<strong>is<\/strong> a surface-sensitive analytical technique that involves bombarding a material\u2019s surface with X-rays and measuring the kinetic energy of the released electrons. The surface sensitivity and capacity to reveal chemical state information from the elements in the sample are two significant properties of this approach that make it powerful as an analytical tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"auger-electron-spectroscopy\"><\/span><strong>Auger electron spectroscopy<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Auger electron spectroscopy<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>(AES)<\/strong>&nbsp;is a type of electron spectroscopy that detects electrons produced by Auger relaxation processes. It is a non-destructive core-level electron spectroscopy used to determine the elemental composition of surfaces, thin films, and interfaces in a semi-quantitative manner.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"atomic-emission-spectroscopy\"><\/span><strong>Atomic emission spectroscopy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to quantify metal atoms by measuring the intensity of light produced by the atoms in excited states. When an excited atom returns to its ground state, it emits a specific wavelength of radiation. Excitation (absorption of radiation) and de-excitation (emission of radiation) of electrons are both involved in atomic emission spectroscopy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"atomic-absorption-spectrometry\"><\/span><strong>Atomic absorption spectrometry<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) detects elements in liquid or solid samples by using certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation from a light source. Individual elements absorb wavelengths differently, and the absorbances of these elements are evaluated against standards. The basis of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is that free atoms in their ground state can absorb light of a specific wavelength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"photoelectron-spectroscopy\"><\/span><strong>Photoelectron spectroscopy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is an experimental method for determining atomic and molecular electron energies.&nbsp;Photoelectron spectroscopy primarily employs a photon to interact with an electron, while other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum can also be used for spectroscopy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mass-spectroscopy\"><\/span><strong>Mass spectroscopy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mass spectroscopy is the accurate method for determining of molecular mass of the compound and its elemental composition. Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that can be used to determine the mass-to-charge ratio (m \/ z) of one or more molecules in a sample. These measurements are frequently used to determine the exact molecular weight of the sample components. Mass spectrometry is an analytical method for determining the molecular mass of a molecule that has indirectly contributed to the identification of isotopes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"infrared-spectroscopy\"><\/span><strong>Infrared spectroscopy<\/strong><strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Infrared spectroscopy is the measurement of the interaction of IR radiation with compounds.\u00a0It is based on the principle that<strong> <\/strong>When IR radiation is passed through the IR active compounds, they will get excited and show specific vibrational rotational spectra, which are characteristic of the functional group of compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the-x-ray-fluorescence-xrf\"><\/span><strong>The X-ray fluorescence (XRF)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer is an analytical instrument that employs X-ray technology to perform routine and minimally invasive chemical analyses of various geological materials such as rocks, minerals, sediments, and fluids. The operational principles of this system are based on wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uv-spectroscopy\"><\/span><strong>UV spectroscopy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>UV spectroscopy is an analytical technique that compares the amount of discrete wavelengths of UV or visible light absorbed or transmitted by a sample to a reference or blank sample. The sample composition influences this attribute, which may provide information about the&nbsp;nature and concentration of the sample. UV-Vis spectroscopy is a widely used technique in many fields of science, including bacterial culture, drug identification, and nucleic acid purity checks and quantification, as well as quality control in the beverage industry and chemical research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"spin-resonance-spectroscopy\"><\/span><strong>Spin resonance spectroscopy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is the study of energy levels associated with electron or nuclear spin orientations using a magnetic field. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a radio-frequency method, whereas electron spin resonance (ESR) uses microwave radiation absorption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"circular-dichroism-spectroscopy\"><\/span><strong>Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy involves measuring the difference in absorption levels between two big signals. As a result, the approach is highly vulnerable to noise, and measurements must be performed with care. The primary application of protein CD spectroscopy is secondary structure verification. The use of CD to determine tertiary structure is limited due to a lack of theoretical knowledge of the impacts of different components of molecules at this level of structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mossbauer-spectroscopy\"><\/span><strong>M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy&nbsp;includes the resonant absorption of a \u03b3-ray&nbsp;photon by a nucleus. The resonant state is achieved by changing the velocity of a sample relative to the source using the Doppler effect. The chemical environment of the nucleus generates distinct frequency changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"applications-of-spectroscopic-techniques\"><\/span><strong>Applications of Spectroscopic techniques<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Spectroscopic techniques are mostly used to investigate the structure of molecules and atoms.\u00a0 Spectroscopy will explore the structure and electron configurations of atoms and molecules using a long wavelength.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spectroscopic techniques can also be used to determine the chemical makeup of unknown materials. The emission spectrum of spectroscopy will aid in identifying a few parts per million of a trace element in a substance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spectroscopic techniques are used to examine the atmospheres of cool stars for molecular species, molecular clouds where new stars emerge, and the Doppler shifts of galaxies to trace their movements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spectroscopic techniques aid in biochemical studies such as DNA melting, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, and so on, as well as surface characterization, chemical kinetic studies on reactants and products of reactions, qualitative and quantitative analysis of transition metals, and studies of chemical and biochemical processes, and isotopic studies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The analysis of air pollutants,\u00a0organic and inorganic contamination in wastewaters, and natural water bodies is made easier by spectroscopic techniques. The analysis of air pollutants,\u00a0organic and inorganic contamination in wastewaters, and natural water bodies is made easier by spectroscopic techniques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spectroscopic techniques aid in the improvement of different\u00a0qualities such as heating, irradiation, and impregnating gems with oils, waxes, and so on.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span><strong>References<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/spectroscopy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/andor.oxinst.com\/learning\/view\/article\/fundamentals-of-spectroscopy-history-explanations-and-applications<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.platypustech.com\/5-different-types-of-spectroscopy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/research-repository.griffith.edu.au\/bitstream\/handle\/10072\/34561\/62679_1.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/chemicalnote.com\/spectroscopy-an-overview-introduction-types-applications\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.vedantu.com\/physics\/spectroscopy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.pasco.com\/products\/guides\/what-is-spectroscopy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spectroscopic techniques use light to interact with matter, probing certain aspects of a sample to learn about its consistency or structure. Light is electromagnetic radiation, a phenomenon with varying energies &#8230; <a title=\"16-Spectroscopic Techniques: Principle, Applications\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/16-spectroscopic-techniques\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about 16-Spectroscopic Techniques: Principle, Applications\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":46718,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[2758,2390,2381,2757,2399,2754,2755,2347],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46714"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46714"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46719,"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46714\/revisions\/46719"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thechemistrynotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}