Unimolecular Elimination Reaction (E1 reaction)
An unimolecular elimination reaction is referred to as an E1 reaction. It is a close analog to the SN1 reaction and the opposite of the electrophilic addition reaction. It is … Read more
Organic Chemistry
Shapes of Organic Molecules: Sigma and Pi bonds
The shapes of organic molecules are best visualized using molecular models. Organic compounds have three dimensions, and the preferred spatial arrangement of the covalent bonds determines how they are shaped. … Read more
5 Important Organic Reactions
Organic reactions can be better understood by summarizing the overall reaction into a series of steps known as a reaction mechanism. Organic reactions are governed by factors that are essentially … Read more
Hell Volhard Zelinsky Reaction: Mechanism, Applications, Limitations
Hell Volhard Zelinsky reaction is a halogenation reaction that involves the halogenation of carboxylic acids at the α carbon. The reaction is named after the German chemists Carl Magnus von … Read more
HPLC: Principle, Types, Parts, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique involves the separation of analytes dissolved in the mobile phase using a particular interaction with a stationary phase. In general, it is a greatly … Read more
Affinity chromatography: Principle, Procedure, Applications, Advantage
Affinity chromatography is a liquid chromatography technique that employs biospecific interactions to separate compounds. The molecule that needs to be purified is selectively and irreversibly adsorbed to a certain ligand. … Read more
Darzens reaction: Definition, Mechanism, Stereochemistry, Synthetic Applications
Darzens reaction is a condensation reaction that involves the reaction of ketone or aldehyde with an α-haloester in the presence of a base to form an α,β-epoxy ester i.e., glycidic … Read more
Haloform Reaction: Definition , Mechanism, Synthetic Applications, Limitations
Haloform reaction involves an exhaustive halogenation of a methyl ketone (RCOCH3) in the presence of a base to give a haloform (CHX3). Where R can be either a hydrogen atom, … Read more
Cope Rearrangement Reaction: Reaction Mechanism, Stereochemistry, Application
Cope rearrangement of 1,5-dienes is one of the most fundamental C-C bonds-formation reactions available to synthetic chemists today. It is exceptional in the formation of highly stereospecific and predictable C-C … Read more