Online Chemistry Notes for Students
Disclaimer: Syllabus and contents on this page are only used for educational purposes. If there are any copyright issues regarding the content, please email us at microbenotes@gmail.com. This syllabus is for exams in 2022, 2023, and 2024 (Version 3). Image Credit: Cambridge Assessment International Education. AS Level Chemistry Subject Content … Read more
Arginine Definition Arginine is also known as L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid among 20 amino acids. It was first isolated by Schulze in 1886 from the lupin seedlings that are particularly abundant in protamines and histones. Arginine is abbreviated as Arg or R. It is a basic amino acid … Read more
What is Alanine? A group of organic compounds that contains amino and carboxyl functional groups is amino acids. If carbon atoms are attached to carboxyl and amino groups then the amino acids are referred to as α-amino acids. Amino acids are amphoteric as they contain both acidic and basic groups … Read more
Saturated Hydrocarbons Definition Saturated hydrocarbons are the simplest forms of hydrocarbons consisting entirely of single bonds that remain saturated with hydrogen atoms. The general formula for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons or alkanes is CnH2n+2. The more general formula can also be written as CnH2n+2(1-r), where r is the number of rings. … Read more
Reducing Sugar Definition Reducing sugar is a type of sugar that consists of a free aldehyde group or a free ketone group, allowing the molecule to act as a reducing agent. All monosaccharides are reducing sugars, and so are some disaccharides and oligosaccharides. Reducing monosaccharides can further be classified into … Read more
Rust Definition Rust is iron oxide, a reddish-brown oxide formed as a result of a reaction between iron and oxygen in the presence of water or moisture. The chemical composition of rust is composed of Fe2O3.nH2O and (FeO(OH).Fe(OH)3. Rust is often associated with corrosion of iron, even though both of … Read more
Polar Molecules Definition A polar molecule is a chemical substance in which the distribution of electrons between the atoms involved is uneven, resulting in a dipole moment. The term polarity is used to describe the difference in electrical poles of a molecule which then determines how polar the molecule is. … Read more
Physical Change Definition A physical change is a process that changes the physical form of a substance but not its chemical composition. During a physical change, the molecules of a substance are rearranged, but the chemical composition of the substance remains unchanged. A physical change usually involves a change in … Read more
Oxidation Definition Oxidation is a chemical process involving the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion, which increases the oxidation state of the chemical species. The historical definition of oxidation was based on the addition of oxygen to a compound as oxygen gas was the first known oxidizing … Read more